Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is a late-stage liver disease characterized by the replacement of healthy liver tissue with scar tissue, which can severely affect liver function. It results from various factors, including chronic alcohol abuse, viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and autoimmune disorders.

Symptoms

In the early stages, cirrhosis might not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:

  • Fatigue
  • Weakness
  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
  • Swelling in the abdomen (ascites) or legs (edema)
  • Itchy skin
  • Easy bruising or bleeding
  • Confusion or difficulty concentrating (hepatic encephalopathy)

Causes

Common causes include:

  • Chronic alcohol abuse
  • Chronic viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B and C)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
  • Autoimmune liver diseases
  • Certain medications or toxins

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

  • Blood tests (liver function tests, complete blood count)
  • Imaging studies (ultrasound, CT scan, MRI)
  • Liver biopsy (to assess the extent of damage)

Treatment

While cirrhosis is irreversible, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing further liver damage:

  • Lifestyle changes: Reducing alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy diet, and managing weight.
  • Medications: To address underlying causes (like antiviral drugs for hepatitis).
  • Monitoring and managing complications: Regular check-ups for liver cancer and managing fluid retention.
  • Liver transplant: In severe cases where liver function is critically impaired.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

  • Limiting alcohol consumption
  • Vaccination against hepatitis
  • Maintaining a healthy weight and diet
  • Regular medical check-ups for those at risk